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Childhood stroke in Eastern Province, KSA: pattern, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome

Abdelhady Taha Emam1, Alsayed Mohammed Ali, Malek Ahmed Babikr

  • 1Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Egypt. abdelhadytaha@hotmail.com

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|July 15, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric stroke in Saudi Arabia is frequently linked to sickle cell disease (SCD), a leading cause of stroke. Outcomes vary, with long-term deficits most common, highlighting the need for tailored management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric stroke recognition is increasing, posing diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Atypical presentations and varied risk factors complicate pediatric stroke care.
  • Lack of a standardized treatment approach necessitates localized research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk factors, clinical presentations, imaging findings, and outcomes of pediatric stroke.
  • To characterize stroke in children within the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 25 pediatric patients (11 boys, 14 girls) with stroke.
  • Utilized computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including MR angiography.
  • Conducted comprehensive assessments: cardiac, hematological, immunological, infectious, and metabolic screenings.
  • Regular follow-up in neurology clinics post-discharge to monitor outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ischemic stroke accounted for 76% of cases; hemorrhagic stroke for 24%.
  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) was the most common risk factor (36%), followed by undetermined causes (20%).
  • Seizures (54%), hemiplegia (31%), and decreased consciousness (30%) were the most frequent presentations.
  • Stroke recurrence was high in SCD (80%) and moyamoya disease (20%) patients.
  • Long-term deficits occurred in 44%, with short-term deficits and death each at 28%.

Conclusions:

  • Findings align with global pediatric stroke data but show regional differences.
  • Sickle cell disease is a predominant risk factor in this KSA cohort, differing from some international studies.
  • Lower incidence of cardiac disorders as a risk factor compared to European/American studies.
  • Observed discrepancies in predictors of stroke outcomes warrant further investigation.
Abstract

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