Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conceptualising Climate Violence: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Trauma, violence & abuse·2026
Same author

NF1 and SPRED1/2 cooperate through RAS-MAPK-independent functions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Giredestrant immobilizes the estrogen receptor to exert potent antitumor efficacy against ER-active breast cancers.

Cell chemical biology·2026
Same author

Dual inhibition of GTP-bound (ON) and GDP-bound (OFF) KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> suppresses PI3Kα and leads to potent tumor inhibition.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Emergency department management of sentinel injuries in infants.

Pediatric emergency medicine practice·2026
Same author

Revisiting RAS family GTPase signaling: effector selectivity and oncogenic bypass.

The Biochemical journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Optogenetic Signaling Activation in Zebrafish Embryos
07:18

Optogenetic Signaling Activation in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: October 27, 2023

Ras signaling and therapies.

Amy Young1, Jesse Lyons, Abigail L Miller

  • 1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.

Advances in Cancer Research
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Activating mutations in Ras genes drive cancer by persistently signaling. While direct Ras targeting has failed, therapies blocking downstream pathways like MAPK are advancing.

More Related Videos

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
12:24

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy

Published on: September 29, 2016

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model
08:15

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Optogenetic Signaling Activation in Zebrafish Embryos
07:18

Optogenetic Signaling Activation in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: October 27, 2023

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
12:24

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy

Published on: September 29, 2016

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model
08:15

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Activating mutations in Ras genes are implicated in human cancers.
  • Oncogenic Ras proteins evade normal downregulation, leading to persistent signaling.
  • Directly targeting Ras oncoproteins has proven challenging due to their high affinity for GTP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complexities of Ras signaling in cancer.
  • To discuss the challenges and progress in targeting the Ras pathway for cancer therapy.
  • To explore future directions for Ras pathway-targeted treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on Ras genetics, signaling, and cancer.
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies targeting Ras and its downstream effectors.
  • Discussion of clinical trial outcomes for pathway inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Ras mutations are established drivers of cancer, collaborating with other oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
  • Direct inhibition of Ras oncoproteins has been unsuccessful.
  • Targeting downstream effectors like Raf kinase (e.g., Sorafenib) and MEK shows promise, particularly in patients with hyperactive MAPK signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The Ras pathway remains a critical target in oncology.
  • Developing effective therapies requires understanding Ras signaling complexities.
  • Future strategies may involve combination therapies or targeting specific pathway nodes.