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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Auditory Cortex Distinguishes between Spontaneous and Sound-Evoked Movements.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
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Auditory regularity detection in the ferret.

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Hierarchical recurrent temporal prediction as a model of the mammalian dorsal visual pathway.

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Rethinking hierarchy: the auditory system as an integrated cortical-subcortical network.

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Assessing Visual Contributions to the Perception of Speech in Noise.

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Estimation of hair cell loss from audiograms.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Visual influences on ferret auditory cortex.

Jennifer K Bizley1, Andrew J King

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK. jennifer.bizley@dpag.ox.ac.uk

Hearing Research
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisensory neurons are found in the auditory cortex, receiving visual input. This visual input sharpens spatial coding, enhancing auditory perception and revealing insights into multisensory integration.

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Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
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Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
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Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain
09:29

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Cortex Research
  • Sensory Integration

Background:

  • Traditionally, cortical regions were considered modality-specific.
  • Emerging evidence shows widespread multisensory neurons in low-level cortical areas.
  • The auditory cortex notably processes visual and somatosensory stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of visual inputs in the auditory cortex.
  • Understand how these inputs modulate auditory processing.
  • Explore the contribution of multisensory interactions to auditory perception.

Main Methods:

  • Single-neuron recording studies in ferrets.
  • Characterization of auditory fields using physiological and anatomical criteria.
  • Analysis of visual input incidence and influence on neuronal responses.

Main Results:

  • Visual inputs are present across auditory cortical fields in ferrets.
  • Visually-sensitive neurons range from 15-50% across different auditory areas.
  • Visual inputs modulate auditory responses, often subthreshold, sharpening spatial coding.

Conclusions:

  • Visual input to the auditory cortex plays a role in refining spatial representation.
  • The extent of visual influence varies across cortical fields.
  • Studying multisensory interactions aids in understanding auditory perception's neural basis.