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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Orienteering as a Tool for Cognitive Research: An Implementation Guide
07:13

Orienteering as a Tool for Cognitive Research: An Implementation Guide

Published on: November 29, 2024

Physical activity and the maintenance of cognitive function.

Kenneth Rockwood1, Laura Middleton

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Kenneth.Rockwood@dal.ca

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Regular physical activity is linked to a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Even small increases in exercise offer significant benefits for brain health.

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Published on: September 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia are significant public health concerns.
  • Existing research suggests a potential link between physical activity and cognitive health.
  • Epidemiological studies have explored this relationship with varying methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the association between physical activity and cognitive decline or dementia.
  • To examine the dose-response relationship between exercise and cognitive preservation.
  • To assess the impact of physical activity on different types of dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of longitudinal epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of studies with diverse definitions of physical activity and cognitive assessment methods.
  • Examination of dose-response relationships and midlife exercise effects.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of dementia, cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • A dose-response relationship exists, with even small increases in activity yielding benefits.
  • Evidence suggests midlife exercise may reduce late-life dementia risk, though vascular dementia associations are less consistent.

Conclusions:

  • Epidemiological data support the role of physical activity in preventing or delaying cognitive decline.
  • The potential of physical activity to reduce dementia prevalence remains an open question.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the impact of physical activity on dementia incidence.