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Discipline-specific insulin sensitivity in athletes.

Yi-Liang Chen1, Chih-Yang Huang, Shin-Da Lee

  • 1Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Taipei Physical Education College, Taipei, Taiwan.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Athletes show varied insulin sensitivity based on sport. Body mass and liver enzymes, like alanine aminotransferase, significantly impact insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in physically active individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Whole-body insulin sensitivity is influenced by weight status and liver function.
  • Understanding these factors in athletes is crucial for metabolic health assessment.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively evaluated insulin sensitivity across diverse sports disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare insulin sensitivity, measured by Homeostatic Metabolic Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), between athletes and physically active controls.
  • To investigate the influence of weight status and abnormal liver function on insulin sensitivity in these groups.
  • To analyze variations in HOMA-IR across 33 different sports disciplines.

Main Methods:

  • HOMA-IR, weight status, and liver function markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) were assessed in 757 athletes and 670 controls.
  • Data collection occurred under morning fasted conditions in autumn 2006 and 2007 for consistency.
  • Multiple regression analysis was employed to identify factors contributing to HOMA-IR variations.

Main Results:

  • Athletes generally exhibited higher HOMA-IR and blood pressure than controls, with significant variations by sport.
  • Rowing and short-distance track athletes had lower HOMA-IR, while archery and field-throwing athletes had higher HOMA-IR compared to controls.
  • Body mass index was a key predictor of HOMA-IR in controls, while both body mass index and alanine aminotransferase independently predicted HOMA-IR in athletes.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first HOMA-IR data across a wide range of sports disciplines.
  • Weight status and abnormal liver function are significant predictors of insulin sensitivity in physically active populations.
  • Interventions targeting weight management and liver health may improve insulin sensitivity in athletes.