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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
Published on: May 30, 2013
Obstacles to the successful development of an efficacious T cell-inducing HIV-1 vaccine
Larissa Herkenhoff Haut1, Hildegund C J Ertl
1Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Abstract:
An efficacious vaccine to HIV-1 is direly needed to stem the global pandemic. Immunogens that elicit broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 remain elusive, and thus, most HIV-1 vaccine efforts are focusing on induction of T cells. The notion that T cells can mediate protection against HIV-1 has been called into question by the failure of the STEP trial, which was designed to test this concept by the use of an E1-deleted Ad vaccine carrier. Lack of efficacy of the STEP trial vaccine underscores our limited knowledge about correlates of immune protection against HIV-1 and stresses the need for an enhanced commitment to basic research, including preclinical and clinical vaccine studies. In this review, we discuss known correlates of protection against HIV-1 and different vaccine strategies that have been or are being explored to induce such correlates, focusing on T cell-inducing vaccines and particularly on Ad vectors.
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