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A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions
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Food-borne trematodiases.

Jennifer Keiser1, Jürg Utzinger

  • 1Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. jennifer.keiser@unibas.ch

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Food-borne trematode infections affect 750 million people globally, posing significant public health and economic burdens. This review details these neglected tropical diseases, their control, and emerging transmission risks.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Public Health
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Food-borne trematodiases are a significant global health and economic concern, often categorized as neglected tropical diseases.
  • Infections stem from consuming raw or undercooked aquatic foods contaminated with trematode metacercariae.
  • The primary food-borne trematodes include liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola spp., Opisthorchis spp.), lung flukes (Paragonimus spp.), and intestinal flukes (e.g., Echinostoma spp., Fasciolopsis buski).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of food-borne trematodes, covering their taxonomy, morphology, and life cycles.
  • To summarize the epidemiology, including at-risk populations, infection numbers, geographic distribution, and ecological factors.
  • To review clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and control strategies, while highlighting research needs.

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Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of food-borne trematodes.
  • Synthesis of data on taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, and epidemiology.
  • Compilation of information on clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment, and control measures.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 750 million individuals are at risk of infection with various food-borne trematodes.
  • These diseases represent a substantial public health problem, exacerbated by factors like aquaculture expansion and global food distribution.
  • The review covers diverse trematode species, their ecological niches, and associated human health impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Food-borne trematodiases require greater attention due to their widespread impact and potential for increased transmission.
  • Understanding the changing epidemiology, driven by modern food systems, is crucial for effective control.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps and develop improved strategies for managing these neglected diseases.