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Poliomyelitis

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Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Polio eradication: strengthening the weakest links.

Scott Barrett¹

¹Lenfest-Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA. sb3116@columbia.edu

Health Affairs (Project Hope)

|July 15, 2009

Summary

Polio eradication is a gamble, with success depending on strengthening "weakest links." A key vulnerability is halting live-attenuated oral polio vaccine; lowering inactivated poliovirus vaccine costs for poorer nations can fortify this link.

Area of Science:

Global health
Infectious disease control
Vaccinology

Background:

Polio eradication efforts face inherent risks, where success yields significant global benefits, but failure results in wasted resources.
Eradication success hinges on a series of critical factors, often referred to as "weakest links" in the overall strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the critical vulnerabilities, or "weakest links," in the polio eradication strategy.
To propose actionable methods for strengthening these links to improve the likelihood of successful global polio eradication.

Main Methods:

Analysis of the polio eradication strategy, focusing on potential points of failure.
Identification of the current plan to cease live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) use as a critical vulnerability.

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Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

Published on: October 17, 2018

Main Results:

The cessation of live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the post-eradication phase is identified as a major vulnerability.
The current strategy's reliance on OPV cessation poses a significant risk to the long-term success of polio eradication.

Conclusions:

Strengthening the polio eradication chain requires addressing the vulnerability associated with the transition away from OPV.
Reducing the financial burden on low-income countries for inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) administration is a viable strategy to mitigate this risk and enhance eradication security.