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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:

Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

[Case report: secondary pleural hydatidosis].

Mehmet Oğuzhan Ozyurtkan¹, Semih Koçyiğit, Muharrem Cakmak

¹Firat Universitesi Tip Fakültesi, Göğüs Cerrahisi Anabilim Dali, Elaziğ, Türkiye, Turkey. moozyurtkan@hotmail.com

Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi

|July 15, 2009

Summary

Hydatid disease can spread to the chest cavity, causing secondary pleural hydatidosis. This condition requires consideration in patients with prior liver hydatid cysts and chest wall masses.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Thoracic Surgery
Infectious Diseases
Radiology

Background:

Hydatid cyst, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, typically affects the liver, lungs, and brain.
Extrapulmonary thoracic locations include the mediastinum, pleura, pericardium, and chest wall.
Secondary pleural hydatidosis often results from the rupture of pulmonary or hepatic hydatid cysts into the pleural space.

Observation:

Radiological imaging revealed multiple cysts in the posterior lower right hemithorax.
Cysts were observed implanting in the diaphragmatic pleura and the parietal pleura of the chest wall.
The patient had a history of two hepatic hydatid cystectomy operations.

Findings:

Multiple secondary pleural hydatid cysts were surgically removed via thoracotomy.
The case highlights an unusual presentation of hydatid disease dissemination within the thoracic cavity.

Implications:

The possibility of secondary pleural dissemination of hydatid disease should be considered in patients presenting with lobulated cystic masses.
A history of hepatic cystic hydatid disease is a significant risk factor for pleural involvement.
Early recognition and surgical intervention are crucial for managing pleural hydatidosis.