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Human anti-interleukin 1 alpha antibodies
M B Hansen1, M Svenson, K Bendtzen
1Department of Infectious Diseases M, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Immunology Letters
|September 1, 1991
Summary
Autoantibodies to interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) are common in healthy individuals and patients with autoimmune diseases. New sensitive assays, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), accurately detect these autoantibodies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cytokine Biology
- Autoimmunity
Background:
- Autoantibodies to interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) are prevalent in healthy human sera.
- IL-1 alpha plays a critical role in inflammatory and immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop sensitive assays for detecting human serum autoantibodies to IL-1 alpha.
- To investigate the presence and frequency of anti-IL-1 alpha autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases.
Main Methods:
- Development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-labelled recombinant IL-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha).
- Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the recovery of added rIL-1 alpha.
- Validation of assay sensitivity (below 10 pmol/l) and precision (coefficients of variation <30% for RIA, <20% for ELISA).
Main Results:
- Both RIA and ELISA demonstrated high correlation (r = 0.99, P < 0.001).
- Inter- and intra-assay variability were acceptably low for both methods.
- Autoantibodies to IL-1 alpha were detected in up to 75% of patients with autoimmune diseases, with varying frequencies and titers.
Conclusions:
- Sensitive and reliable RIA and ELISA methods for detecting anti-IL-1 alpha autoantibodies have been established.
- These autoantibodies are frequently present in patients with autoimmune conditions, suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis.
- Further research is warranted to understand the clinical significance of IL-1 alpha autoantibodies in autoimmunity.