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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
Published on: November 15, 2024
Hyperglycaemia in acute ischaemic stroke is associated with an increased 5-year mortality
Nikolaos Kostulas1, Ioanna Markaki, Helen Cansu
1Department of Neurology, Neuro-Angiological Research Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. Nikolaos.Kostulas@ki.se
Background:
admission hyperglycaemia (HG) is associated with worse prognosis and higher mortality within 3 months after stroke. Reports on long-term mortality are inconsistent.
Objective:
to evaluate the influence of admission HG [blood glucose (BG) levels >8 mmol/L] on long-term mortality after ischaemic stroke (IS) and transient ischaemic attack (TIA).
Methods:
consecutive patients with IS or TIA, admitted from January 1997 until December 2002, were retrospectively screened. BG was measured within 3 days from onset of symptoms. Information on the date of death was obtained within 10 years after onset.
Results:
a total of 509 patients (78% IS; 22% TIA) were included. Admission HG was present in 28% and 18% of the IS and TIA patients, respectively (P = 0.05). Mean admission BG was 7.6 +/- 3.2 mmol/L in the IS and 6.7 +/- 2.3 mmol/L in TIA (P = 0.002). During a mean observation of 66 +/- 35 months, the overall 1- and 10-year mortality rate was 12% and 51% in IS compared to 4% and 38% in TIA patients (P = 0.004). Normoglycaemic IS patients had a longer median survival than those with HG (113 vs 84 months, P = 0.04). Admission HG did not affect the mortality rates in TIA patients.
Conclusion:
admission HG is associated with greater mortality rates up to 5 years after stroke but does not influence the survival of TIA patients.
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