Dicrocoelium dendriticum: a true infection?

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Human Infectious Diseases
• Hepatology

Background:

• Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a trematode parasite primarily affecting ruminant livers.
• Human infection (dicrocoeliasis) is rare and typically occurs via accidental ingestion of infected intermediate hosts, such as ants or snails.
• Clinical presentation in humans can be varied, often asymptomatic or presenting with non-specific symptoms.

Observation:

• A 55-year-old woman presented with unexplained eosinophilia and elevated bilirubin levels.
• Diagnostic investigations revealed infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
• The patient had a history suggestive of potential exposure through contaminated food sources.

Findings:

• The case confirms Dicrocoelium dendriticum as a cause of parasitic liver disease in humans.
• Albendazole therapy was initiated to treat the parasitic infection.
• Post-treatment blood parameters showed normalization of eosinophil count and bilirubin levels.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering zoonotic parasitic infections in patients with eosinophilia and abnormal liver function tests.
• Albendazole is an effective therapeutic agent for human dicrocoeliasis.
• Public health awareness regarding food safety practices to prevent ingestion of intermediate hosts is crucial for mitigating transmission.