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Related Concept Videos

Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...

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Chromatin Spread Preparations for the Analysis of Mouse Oocyte Progression from Prophase to Metaphase II
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Persistent mechanical linkage between sister chromatids throughout anaphase.

Benjamin D Harrison1, Margaret L Hoang, Kerry Bloom

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA.

Chromosoma
|July 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical linkages between sister rDNA arrays persist during yeast anaphase, preventing premature separation and regulating spindle elongation. This ensures temporally controlled chromosome segregation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sister rDNA arrays in budding yeast are visualized as distinguishable strands during metaphase.
  • Mechanical linkages between sister arm loci were previously observed in grasshopper spermatocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the persistence and role of mechanical linkages between sister rDNA arrays during anaphase in budding yeast.
  • To understand how these linkages influence chromosome segregation and spindle elongation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing fluorescent probes to visualize sister rDNA arrays in budding yeast.
  • Observing and analyzing the behavior of these arrays during metaphase and anaphase.

Main Results:

  • Sister rDNA arrays appear separated in metaphase but maintain mechanical linkages throughout anaphase.
  • These linkages adopt a cruciform-like structure and stretch 2.5-fold during poleward migration.
  • Linkage dissolution is partially dependent on SGO1 (shugoshin 1).

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical linkages between sister rDNA arrays are crucial for temporally controlled sister chromatid separation.
  • These linkages play a role in restraining anaphase spindle elongation rate.
  • The regulated dissolution of these linkages prevents premature sister separation and ensures proper chromosome segregation.