Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes02:52

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

Overview of VSEPR Theory
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Control of Circularly Polarized Luminescence through Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Atropisomer Resolution in a Dinuclear Boron Difluoride Complex.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Recent advances in circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of chiral boron difluoride complexes.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Boron-Containing Chiral Spiro Molecules: Synthesis and Color-Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same author

Pyramidalization of sp<sup>2</sup> Centers.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same author

Controlling Sign and Magnitude of Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Axially Chiral Schiff-Base Boron Difluoride Complexes Bearing Polyethylene Glycol Chains.

Chirality·2025
Same author

Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence Properties of Binuclear Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Axially Chiral Schiff-Base Ligands.

Inorganic chemistry·2024
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy
09:30

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Published on: July 19, 2024

Ligand dissociation: planar or pyramidal intermediates?

Henri Brunner1, Takashi Tsuno

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany. henri.brunner@chemie.uni-regensburg.de

Accounts of Chemical Research
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ligand dissociation in organometallic chemistry often forms pyramidal 16-electron intermediates that retain metal chirality. These intermediates favor ligand addition over inversion, crucial for understanding chiral-at-metal compound reactions.

More Related Videos

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English
14:34

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English

Published on: April 3, 2026

Determination of Protein-ligand Interactions Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry
13:26

Determination of Protein-ligand Interactions Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry

Published on: September 13, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy
09:30

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Published on: July 19, 2024

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English
14:34

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English

Published on: April 3, 2026

Determination of Protein-ligand Interactions Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry
13:26

Determination of Protein-ligand Interactions Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry

Published on: September 13, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ligand dissociation is a fundamental step in many organometallic reactions.
  • The structural fate of 16-electron intermediates (planar vs. pyramidal) impacts chirality in metal complexes.
  • Understanding these intermediates is key for controlling stereochemistry in synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural dynamics of 16-electron intermediates formed after halide dissociation from [CpRu(P-P')Hal] complexes.
  • To determine the energetics of structural rearrangements, specifically pyramidal inversion versus ligand addition.
  • To elucidate the factors influencing the retention or loss of chirality in metal centers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of experimental results from halide exchange and racemization reactions.
  • Theoretical calculations to probe the energetics of structural rearrangements and inversion barriers.
  • Comparison of transition metal intermediates with main group unsaturated species.

Main Results:

  • Halide dissociation from [CpRu(P-P')Hal] yields pyramidal 16-electron intermediates that retain metal configuration.
  • The rate of ligand addition (k2) is significantly faster than pyramidal inversion (k3) for these intermediates.
  • Computational studies show planar structures for intermediates with sigma-donating ligands and pyramidal for pi-bonding ligands.

Conclusions:

  • Pyramidal intermediates are favored, preserving chirality in metal complexes.
  • The competition between ligand addition and inversion dictates racemization extent.
  • These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for organometallic chemistry, particularly concerning chiral-at-metal systems.