Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
Types of Damping01:20

Types of Damping

If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modelling of underwater radiated noise from ships measured at the Lofoten-Vesterålen cabled observatory.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

A flexible systems analysis pipeline for elucidating spatial relationships in the tumor microenvironment linked with cellular phenotypes and patient-level features.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

A directional spectrum evolution model for wind-generated ocean noise.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Heightened innate immune state induced by viral vector leads to enhanced response to challenge and prolongs malaria vaccine protection.

iScience·2025
Same author

Spatial colocalization and combined survival benefit of natural killer and CD8 T cells despite profound MHC class I loss in non-small cell lung cancer.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2024
Same author

Inflammation and Macrophage Loss Mark Increased Susceptibility in a Genetic Model of Acute Viral Infection-Induced Tissue Damage.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Underwater acoustic beam dynamics.

Francisco J Beron-Vera1, Michael G Brown

  • 1RSMASAMP, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA. fberon@rsmas.miami.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Theoretical predictions and simulations show that sound beam spreading in deep-ocean environments is primarily governed by the background sound channel

Area of Science:

  • Underwater acoustics
  • Oceanography
  • Wave propagation

Background:

  • Deep-ocean sound channels exhibit complex sound-speed profiles.
  • Sound propagation is affected by perturbations like internal waves and turbulence.
  • Understanding beam spreading is crucial for acoustic system performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare ray- and mode-based theoretical predictions with simulations of sound beam spreading.
  • To investigate the influence of sound-speed perturbations on beam spread.
  • To identify key parameters controlling beam spreading in deep-ocean environments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed ray- and mode-based theoretical models for sound beam spreading.
  • Employed parabolic-equation-based simulations for deep-ocean environments.

More Related Videos

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications
08:19

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications

Published on: October 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications
08:19

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications

Published on: October 5, 2018

  • Superimposed structured sound-speed perturbations (internal waves, turbulence) onto a background channel.

    • Main Results:

    • Ray- and mode-based predictions showed good agreement with simulations.
    • Beam spreading, both spatial and temporal, is largely controlled by the background sound channel.
    • The ray-based stability parameter (alpha) and mode-based waveguide invariant (beta) were identified as key controlling factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Theoretical models accurately predict sound beam spreading in complex ocean environments.
    • The stability parameter (alpha) or waveguide invariant (beta) fundamentally governs beam spreading.
    • Wavefield structure and stability are intrinsically linked to these channel properties.