Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
Published on: November 25, 2017
Fundamental frequency influences the relationship between sound pressure level and spectral balance in female
Sally Collyer1, Pamela J Davis, C William Thorpe
1National Voice Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. sallycollyer@yahoo.com.au
Abstract:
The influence of fundamental frequency (F0) on the relationship between sound pressure level (SPL) and spectral balance (SB) has been largely unexplored in the female singing voice. Five classically trained females performed a messa di voce across their musical F0 range. Average maximum SB rose with F0 by 0.27 dB/semitone (ST) to B4 and then decreased, while average minimum SB fell by 0.5 dB/ST to E5 and then generally rose. Of 318 tokens, 208 showed a linear SPL:SB relationship (R(2)>or=0.5), but F0 affected SPL:SB slope and intercept and their interaction above and below B4. The possibility that this reflects a change from subglottal inertance to compliance is discussed. Consistency of SB behavior change at B4 and E5 contrasted with variability in first-formant frequency. Nonlinear SPL:SB relationships did not arise from SB saturation. The presence of low-SPL "tails" may reflect the challenge in modifying vocal-fold adduction during crescendo and decrescendo. The results show that analysis of the SPL:SB relationship must take F0 into consideration.
Related Concept Videos
Perception of Sound Waves
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...
Beats
Larynx
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
The Cochlea

