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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

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Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Amino acid uptake required for long-term memory formation.

M E Gibbs1, S Robertson, J Hambley

  • 1Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; Department of Behavioural Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Canberra 2600 Australia.

Neuroscience Letters
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

alpha-Amino-iso-butyrate (AIB) hinders long-term memory formation by blocking leucine uptake, not protein synthesis. This memory mechanism requires amino acid uptake within minutes after learning.

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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Long-term memory formation is protein synthesis-dependent.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms and timing of substrate uptake for memory consolidation remain incompletely understood.
  • Previous research identified alpha-Amino-iso-butyrate (AIB) as a modulator of memory formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which alpha-Amino-iso-butyrate (AIB) inhibits long-term memory.
  • To determine if AIB's effect is mediated by protein synthesis inhibition.
  • To elucidate the temporal window for amino acid uptake critical for memory consolidation.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of alpha-Amino-iso-butyrate (AIB) to day-old chickens before and after a passive avoidance learning task.
  • Measurement of labelled leucine uptake in vivo.
  • Assessment of leucine incorporation into proteins.
  • Comparison of AIB's effects with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide.

Main Results:

  • alpha-Amino-iso-butyrate (AIB) reduced labelled leucine uptake without affecting leucine incorporation into proteins.
  • AIB did not inhibit long-term memory formation by blocking protein synthesis directly.
  • The behavioral effects of AIB were observed only when administered within a narrow window (5 minutes before to 5 minutes after learning).

Conclusions:

  • alpha-Amino-iso-butyrate (AIB) interferes with the cellular uptake of normal amino acids.
  • The critical period for amino acid uptake supporting long-term memory formation occurs within minutes post-learning.
  • This suggests a specific, time-sensitive requirement for amino acid transport in the initial stages of memory consolidation.