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Related Concept Videos

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Compounding parenteral nutrition: reducing the risks.

Caitlin Curtis1, Gordon S Sacks

  • 1University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Department of Pharmacy, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC-1530 F6/133, Madison, WI 53792, USA. ccurtis@uwhealth.org

Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Compounding parenteral nutrition requires aseptic techniques and trained staff. United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <797> provides updated standards to prevent contamination in compounded parenteral products, especially with automated devices.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Compounding
  • Parenteral Nutrition
  • Pharmacy Practice Standards

Background:

  • Compounding parenteral nutrition necessitates strict aseptic conditions and skilled personnel.
  • Contamination risk is a significant concern in parenteral product preparation.
  • Existing guidelines require updates to reflect current best practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the revised United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <797>.
  • To emphasize the importance of these standards for parenteral nutrition compounding.
  • To highlight the implications for automated compounding devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <797> guidelines.
  • Analysis of standards related to pharmacy design, personnel training, and cleaning.
  • Focus on specific requirements for compounding parenteral nutrition.

Main Results:

  • The revised USP Chapter <797> offers comprehensive, evidence-based instructions.
  • Standards cover pharmacy layout, hygiene, garbing, cleaning, quality control, and staff evaluation.
  • These measures are crucial for minimizing contamination risks in parenteral compounding.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to USP Chapter <797> is vital for safe parenteral nutrition compounding.
  • Special attention is required when utilizing automated compounding devices.
  • Implementing these standards enhances the quality and safety of compounded parenteral products.