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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

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Published on: June 29, 2021

Semantic activation and letter search: blocking or suppression?

Caterina Cinel1, Steve E Avons, Riccardo Russo

  • 1School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK. ccinel@essex.ac.uk

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|July 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study explored associative priming effects. Results indicate semantic activation occurs but is suppressed by the prime task, with weak priming persisting in letter search tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Associative priming investigates how prior exposure to a stimulus influences response to a subsequent stimulus.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding the impact of prime-target presentation timing on associative priming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associative priming using a letter-search prime task.
  • To examine the effect of prime-probe onset asynchrony on associative priming.
  • To explore the role of semantic processing in associative priming.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments employed a letter-search prime task with simultaneous or delayed prime-probe presentation (200 ms or 300 ms).
  • A third experiment involved a semantic decision task on the prime.
  • Associative priming effects were measured by comparing response times.

Main Results:

  • Weak associative priming was observed in both letter-search experiments, regardless of probe delay.
  • Unlike previous findings, delayed probes did not increase priming.
  • Strong associative priming emerged when a semantic decision was required for the prime.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic activation of primes occurs but is suppressed by the prime task.
  • The letter-search task may attenuate priming effects, especially with low-frequency items.
  • Task demands significantly influence the manifestation of associative priming.