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Updated: Jun 21, 2026
02:14
Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
Published on: August 1, 2025
[Non-variceal bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract].
Jacek Wójtowicz1, Stanisław Wojtuń, Jerzy Gil
1Surgical Ward of District Hospital in Zyrardów.ilitary Institute of Health Services in Warsaw, Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense.
Summary
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication. Early endoscopy within 6 hours of admission significantly improves hemostasis and reduces the need for transfusions and surgery.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Surgical Endoscopy
Context:
- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent complication of various gastrointestinal diseases, leading to significant hospitalizations.
- It affects 15-20% of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers, with an incidence of 50-100 per 100,000 citizens.
Purpose:
- To determine the optimal timing for endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic therapy in achieving hemostasis.
- To assess the influence of early endoscopy on the volume of transfused blood.
Summary:
- A study of 81 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated via endoscopy between 1999-2003.
- Patients were divided into groups based on endoscopy timing: within 6 hours, 6-12 hours, and 12-24 hours post-admission.
- Endoscopic therapy, including adrenaline injection, was administered to all patients, with bleeding classified using the Forrest scale.
Impact:
- Early endoscopy (within 6 hours) resulted in a 95.1% hemostasis rate, significantly reducing the need for blood transfusions and surgery.
- Endoscopy proved to be a repeatable diagnostic and therapeutic tool, enabling better planning and control of bleeding management.
- This approach allows for avoiding unnecessary laparotomies and should be a fundamental method in equipped medical units.
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