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Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
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Developmental exposure to cannabinoids causes subtle and enduring neurofunctional alterations.

Patrizia Campolongo1, Viviana Trezza, Maura Palmery

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.

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Cannabis use during pregnancy can harm infant brain development. Exposure to cannabinoids may cause lasting neurofunctional changes in children, despite perceived safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cannabis sativa preparations are frequently used by pregnant women in Western nations.
  • These substances are often perceived as low-risk during pregnancy.
  • Emerging research indicates potential harm to fetal neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human and animal studies on the effects of cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy and lactation.
  • To examine the behavioral and neurobiological consequences in offspring.
  • To highlight the role of the endocannabinoid system in central nervous system development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing human and animal research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cannabinoid exposure during prenatal and lactational periods.
  • Examination of neurobiological and behavioral outcomes in offspring.

Main Results:

  • Developmental exposure to cannabinoids can lead to subtle neurofunctional alterations.
  • The endocannabinoid system is critical for the proper development of the central nervous system.
  • Cannabinoid activation during brain development can cause enduring neurofunctional changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis use during pregnancy is not without risk to offspring neurodevelopment.
  • The endocannabinoid system's role in neurodevelopment underscores the potential for long-term effects.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate these risks.