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Updated: Jun 21, 2026
Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models
Published on: April 26, 2024
Thickness and microhardness of deciduous tooth enamel with known DLX3 mutation
Hong-Keun Hyun1, Jung-Wook Kim
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Aim:
To investigate the thickness and hardness of teeth affected by a 2-bp deletion (c.561_562delCT) in the DLX3 gene.
Methods And Materials:
Extracted maxillary deciduous second molar was collected from the affected individual at age 12 years 7 months. Samples were sectioned buccolingually after embedding in epoxy resin. We measured the enamel thickness and microhardness and performed an elemental analysis using an electron probe microanalyser.
Results:
On average, the hardness of the enamel with a 2-bp deletion in DLX3 was about 53% of normal enamel hardness. The mutant enamel thickness was about half of the thickness of the normal control. The calcium level in the enamel with the 2-bp deletion was slightly decreased, while the magnesium level was slightly increased, in comparison to levels measured for normal teeth.
Conclusion:
This study shows that enamel affected by a 2-bp deletion in DLX3 has reduced thickness as well as diminished microhardness. These data may explain the severe attrition and interdental spacing observed in affected individuals.
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