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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
08:52

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

Effects of aging on B cell function.

Daniela Frasca1, Bonnie B Blomberg

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|July 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impairs the immune system, particularly B cells, by reducing immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Understanding these defects is key to improving elderly immune responses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
08:52

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Aging research
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Immune response effectiveness decreases with age in humans and animal models.
  • Intrinsic B cell defects, including reduced Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), are observed in aged individuals.
  • The impact on somatic hypermutation (SHM) varies, with increased AID showing improved CSR but not SHM in mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate B cell defects associated with aging.
  • To identify potential targets for enhancing immune responses in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of B cell subsets using microarray data from human samples.
  • Investigating the roles of Ig class switch recombination (CSR), activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and E47 transcription factor in aged B cells.

Main Results:

  • Aged B cells exhibit intrinsic defects, including decreased CSR and AID.
  • Increased AID levels in mice improved CSR but did not significantly affect SHM.
  • Microarray analysis provides a basis for understanding age-related B cell dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related decline in immune response is linked to intrinsic B cell defects.
  • Targeting specific molecular pathways like AID and CSR may enhance immune function in the elderly.
  • Further research can guide the development of interventions to improve vaccination and infection response in older populations.