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Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

Oogenesis

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Oogenesis, the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

Published on: September 3, 2021

GnRHa to trigger final oocyte maturation: a time to reconsider.

P Humaidan¹, E G Papanikolaou, B C Tarlatzis

¹The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, DK 7800 Skive, Denmark. peter.humaidan@sygehusviborg.dk

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)

|July 18, 2009

Summary

GnRH agonist (GnRHa) triggering for final oocyte maturation in IVF offers advantages like reduced OHSS risk. Recent studies show effective luteal phase rescue, making GnRHa a viable alternative to hCG.

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Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

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Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Background:

GnRH antagonist protocols enable final oocyte maturation triggering with GnRH agonist (GnRHa).
GnRHa is effective for ovulation induction, inducing both LH and FSH surges, unlike hCG.
Initial studies using GnRHa in IVF/ICSI antagonist protocols reported poor outcomes, attributed to luteal phase deficiency.

Discussion:

GnRHa triggering offers potential benefits including reduced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) risk and improved oocyte maturity.
The primary challenge was addressing the luteal phase deficiency associated with GnRHa use.
Several studies now demonstrate successful luteal phase rescue, achieving reproductive outcomes comparable to hCG triggering.

Key Insights:

GnRH agonist (GnRHa) triggering is a viable alternative to hCG for final oocyte maturation in IVF antagonist protocols.
Effective luteal phase support strategies have been developed to overcome previous limitations.
This approach may reduce OHSS risk and enhance oocyte quality.

Outlook:

Further research is warranted to fully establish GnRHa triggering protocols.
GnRHa triggering presents a promising option with potential advantages for IVF patients.
Optimizing luteal phase support remains crucial for maximizing the benefits of GnRHa triggering.