Rehabilitation update for the anterior cruciate ligament injured patient: current concepts

The anterior cruciate ligament is an intra-articular structure of the knee essential for both static and dynamic stability. It is commonly injured during sports activities by a noncontact mechanism. Several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors predispose athletes to this injury, especially females. Early diagnosis and rehabilitation play an important role in its management, including both conservative and surgical treatment. Even though no specific guidelines are available in regards to which is the best alternative, criteria such as pain, instability episodes, secondary structures injuries, and pre-injury level of activity should be considered. Rehabilitation protocols for both conservative and surgical reconstruction are available and recommended approach to avoid complications. However, injury prevention protocols emphasizing on modifiable risk factors seem to be the next big step in management for the anterior cruciate ligament.