Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Current advances in chronic kidney disease in children: growth, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive risk factors

Larry A Greenbaum1, Bradley A Warady, Susan L Furth

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Lgreen6@emory.edu

Seminars in Nephrology
|July 21, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience delayed linear growth and neurocognitive development. However, cardiovascular complications like left ventricular hypertrophy and increased mortality are accelerated in these young patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents unique challenges in children, impacting growth and neurodevelopment.
  • Cardiovascular complications are a significant concern in pediatric CKD, often manifesting earlier than in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key differences in clinical issues for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to adults.
  • To highlight the impact of CKD on linear growth, neurocognitive development, and cardiovascular health in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric chronic kidney disease.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes related to growth, neurocognition, and cardiovascular health.

Main Results:

  • Linear growth and neurocognitive development are often delayed in children with CKD.
  • While interventions like growth hormone, improved dialysis, and nutritional support aid development, many children still face challenges.
  • Cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, and vascular calcifications, are accelerated, leading to increased mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric CKD requires specific management strategies addressing growth and neurodevelopmental delays.
  • Early identification and management of accelerated cardiovascular complications are crucial for improving outcomes in children with CKD.

More Related Videos

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy07:52

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats05:34

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...