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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Plasticity

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Does post-lesional subcortical plasticity exist in the human brain?

Hugues Duffau¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France. h-duffau@chu-montpellier.fr

Neuroscience Research

|July 21, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates subcortical plasticity after brain injury. While cortical changes are well-studied, subcortical reorganization remains unclear, questioning its role in functional recovery.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuroplasticity
Brain Injury Recovery

Background:

Functional neuroimaging primarily studies cortical plasticity after brain lesions.
Subcortical structures and white matter tracts are less understood in post-lesional reorganization.
Understanding global cerebral redistribution requires examining both cortical and subcortical changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if subcortical structures exhibit active reorganization (rewiring) or passive changes following brain damage.
To explore the mechanisms of compensation in subcortical plasticity, including network unmasking and pathway recruitment.
To assess the potential for structural rewiring in subcortical areas to drive functional recovery in humans.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on post-lesional plasticity, focusing on neuroimaging and subcortical structures.
Analysis of compensation mechanisms following white matter damage.
Consideration of hodological (pathway-based) brain processing.

Main Results:

Various patterns of subcortical plasticity have been identified.
Evidence for active structural rewiring and functional recovery driven by subcortical plasticity in humans is currently lacking.
Mechanisms include unmasking of latent networks, recruitment of accessory pathways, and involvement of long-distance pathways.

Conclusions:

Subcortical plasticity is complex and involves multiple compensatory mechanisms.
The capacity for true structural rewiring in subcortical regions to achieve functional recovery needs further investigation.
Future research should focus on longitudinal, integrated anatomo-functional studies at both cortical and subcortical levels.