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White matter abnormalities and cognition in a community sample.

Tracy D Vannorsdall1, Shari R Waldstein, Michael Kraut

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. dschret@jhmi.edu

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|July 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) impact cognition in older adults. Increased WMH burden is linked to cognitive decline, suggesting WMH accumulation may explain normal aging-related cognitive changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with cognitive decline in older adults.
  • Discrepant findings exist due to variations in study methodologies and assessments.
  • Understanding the precise relationship between WMH and cognition is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the linear and nonlinear associations between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volumes and cognitive function in healthy adults.
  • To determine if WMH effects on cognition differ across age groups.
  • To examine the longitudinal relationship between WMH accumulation and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of 253 reasonably healthy adults.
  • Assessment of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volumes using neuroimaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of cognitive performance across multiple domains including working memory, processing speed, fluency, and fluid intelligence.
  • Statistical models adjusted for demographic characteristics and total brain volumes.

Main Results:

  • No significant association between WMH burden and cognition was found in adults aged 20-59.
  • In adults aged 60 and older, WMH volumes significantly predicted cognitive performance, explaining over 58% of the variance in key cognitive domains.
  • WMH volumes accounted for cognitive variance beyond age and demographic factors.
  • Accelerated increases in WMH burden over five years correlated with steeper cognitive decline during the same period.

Conclusions:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) exert both age-related and age-independent effects on cognition in later life.
  • The accumulation of WMH may be a contributing factor to normal age-related cognitive decline.
  • These findings highlight the importance of WMH as a biomarker for cognitive aging.