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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping
09:16

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Published on: March 24, 2023

Structural MRI studies of language function in the undamaged brain.

Fiona M Richardson1, Cathy J Price

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK. fiona.richardson@ucl.ac.uk

Brain Structure & Function
|July 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Structural brain imaging reveals neural correlates of language skills in healthy adults. This review examines voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging studies on speech perception, meaning, production, and reading.

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • The human brain exhibits structural plasticity beyond development, aging, and disease.
  • Structural neuroimaging offers a novel approach to understanding the neural basis of behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural imaging studies investigating the neural correlates of language skills in the undamaged brain.
  • To explore the relationship between brain structure and language abilities using behavioral measures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies employing voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of grey and white matter.
  • Inclusion of studies utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • Categorization of studies based on language functions: novel speech sound perception, speech-meaning links, speech production, and reading.

Main Results:

  • Few structural imaging studies on language currently exist.
  • Findings from structural studies are compared with functional imaging results to validate their significance.
  • Studies cover diverse aspects of language processing, including perception, semantics, production, and reading.

Conclusions:

  • Structural neuroimaging provides valuable insights into the neural underpinnings of language.
  • This approach complements functional imaging by revealing stable neural correlates.
  • Future research should expand structural investigations of language to further elucidate brain-behavior relationships.