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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Impact01:30

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
Types Of Collisions - I01:04

Types Of Collisions - I

When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other in a relatively short amount of time. A collision can be categorized as either an elastic or inelastic collision. If two or more objects approach each other, collide and then bounce off, moving away from each other with the same relative speed at which they approached each other, the total kinetic energy of the system is said to be conserved. This...
Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a problem,...
Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
Types of Forces01:09

Types of Forces

In most situations, forces can be grouped into two categories: contact forces and field forces.  Contact forces occur as a result of direct physical contact between objects. Field forces, however, act without the necessity of physical contact between objects. They depend on the presence of a "field" in the region of space surrounding the body under consideration. You can think of a field as a property of space that is detectable by the forces it exerts. Scientists think there are only four...

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Related Experiment Video

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Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System
09:44

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Published on: June 5, 2014

Perception of forces exerted by objects in collision events.

Peter A White1

  • 1School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. whitepa@cardiff.ac.uk

Psychological Review
|July 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Visual perception of force in object interactions originates from haptic experiences. Our findings suggest visual force impressions generalize from our own actions, influencing how we perceive object collisions.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual perception commonly includes impressions of force during object interactions.
  • These visual force perceptions are hypothesized to stem from haptic (touch-based) experiences involving exertion of force.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the proposed link between haptic experiences and visual perception of force in object interactions.
  • To explore how proprioceptive feedback from actions is generalized to visual scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed simple animations depicting object collisions.
  • Judgments of perceived force and resistance were collected.
  • Experimental results were analyzed to support or refute the proposed account.

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Main Results:

  • Active objects in animations were perceived as exerting force.
  • Inactive objects were perceived as offering resistance.
  • The perception of force was modulated by whether the inactive object appeared to resist or act back.

Conclusions:

  • Visual impressions of force in object interactions are derived from generalized haptic experiences.
  • Proprioceptive feedback from physical actions plays a crucial role in interpreting visual interactions.
  • This framework explains how we perceive force and resistance in dynamic visual scenes.