Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MAFB Overexpression in Macrophages Promotes Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Transcriptionally Activating WDR74 to Drive a Tissue-Repair Phenotype and Suppress Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene-Skinned Copper Powders via Pulsed-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Vegetation succession enhances soil organic carbon sequestration by modulating microbial carbon cycling genes in coastal marshes, eastern China.

Marine pollution bulletin·2026
Same author

Plaque phenotypes across remodeling patterns in vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis: a high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging study.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery·2026
Same author

Surface Functionalization of 3D-Printed Porous Ti-6Al-4V Scaffolds with PDA‑mHA-Col I Composite Coating Drives Macrophage Polarization toward the M2 Phenotype and Promotes Immunomodulation: An In Vitro Study.

Current gene therapy·2026
Same author

Cdk1-phosphorylated Nur77 accumulates at the centrosome during mitosis to regulate the Cep192-PLK1 signaling axis.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same journal

Getting on your last nerve: IFNs and resistance to infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts in murine pancreatic tumors differentially regulate T-cell phenotype and function.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

MHC class II on melanoma cells regulates the anti-tumor T cell response.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

ENPP1-dependent USP2 ubiquitination governs SQSTM1-mediated autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in trophoblast cells and exacerbates placental dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

ER stress amplifies inflammation via a dual mechanism involving IκBζ-XBP1s synergism and Regnase-1 degradation.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

The V158F polymorphism in human FcγRIIIa/CD16a defines opposing receptor responses when interacting with soluble immune complexes.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Helios deficiency has minimal impact on T cell development and function.

Qi Cai1, Andrée Dierich, Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM Unité 964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104, Illkirch, France.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|July 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helios, a transcription factor, is not essential for T cell development or function. Gene inactivation studies show T cells compensate for Helios loss, suggesting redundancy within the Ikaros family.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry
07:57

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry
07:57

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Helios is a zinc finger transcription factor in the Ikaros family, primarily expressed in T cells.
  • It's proposed to regulate Ikaros function and has roles in T cell differentiation, activation, and as a potential tumor suppressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological requirement of Helios in T cells.
  • To determine if Helios is essential for T cell development and homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Homologous recombination was used to inactivate the Helios gene in mice.
  • Differentiation and effector functions of various T cell subsets (alphabeta, gammadelta, NKT, regulatory T cells) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Inactivation of the Helios gene did not impair the differentiation or effector cell function of alphabeta T cells, gammadelta T cells, NKT cells, or regulatory T cells.
  • These findings indicate Helios is not indispensable for T cell development and function.

Conclusions:

  • Helios is not essential for T cell physiology.
  • The function of Helios can be compensated by other Ikaros family members, highlighting functional redundancy.