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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery
Published on: September 22, 2023
20-year experience with the Conrad modification of the Freer elevator as a pull-in suture introducer
Cory Torgerson1, Krzysztof Conrad
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. cory.torgerson@utoronto.ca
Abstract:
A modified Freer elevator was created to aid the safe placement of alloplasts in a subcutaneous dissection pocket. We believe that this innovation represents a better way to insert nonrigid facial alloplasts and grafts and that it contributes to the reduced technique-related complications of migration, kinking, and asymmetry; it also minimizes tissue trauma and unnecessary surgical explorations.
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