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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Diminished orientation-specific surround suppression of visual processing in schizophrenia.

Jong H Yoon1, Ariel S Rokem, Michael A Silver

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Imaging Research Center, University of California Davis, 4701 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. jhyyoon@ucdavis.edu

Schizophrenia Bulletin
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Individuals with schizophrenia show altered visual surround suppression, specifically when the surround orientation matches the center stimulus. This suggests orientation-selective deficits in visual cortex inhibition in schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Visual perception is influenced by surrounding context.
  • Surround suppression, a decrease in perceived contrast due to a high-contrast surround, is reduced in schizophrenia, indicating potential cortical connectivity issues.
  • Previous research suggests schizophrenia patients experience weaker visual contextual effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if altered contextual modulation in schizophrenia is specific to stimulus orientation.
  • To determine if surround suppression differences between controls and schizophrenia patients vary with surround orientation (parallel vs. orthogonal).

Main Methods:

  • Participants (controls and schizophrenia patients) viewed a central grating annulus with either no surround, a parallel surround, or an orthogonal surround.
  • The contrast threshold for detecting a difference in the annulus was measured.
  • The suppression index was calculated by comparing contrast thresholds across conditions.

Main Results:

  • A significant group by condition interaction was found.
  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited a significantly lower suppression index in the parallel surround condition compared to controls.
  • No significant group differences were observed in the orthogonal surround condition.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia display an orientation-specific abnormality in surround suppression.
  • These findings suggest a deficit in inhibition within the primary visual cortex in schizophrenia.
  • The results align with existing physiological and anatomical evidence of impaired cortical lateral connectivity in schizophrenia.