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Outbreak of life-threatening coxsackievirus B1 myocarditis in neonates

Natasha A Verma1, Xiaotian T Zheng, Michelle U Harris

  • 1Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA. nverma@chla.usc.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 23, 2009
PubMed

Insights

A 2007 coxsackievirus B1 outbreak caused severe myocarditis in Chicago neonates. Some infants required heart transplants or died from heart dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatal Cardiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) infections can cause significant neonatal morbidity.
  • Outbreaks of enteroviral infections, including CVB1, necessitate prompt identification and characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a unique cluster of severe coxsackievirus B1 infections in Chicago area neonates.
  • To characterize the clinical presentation and outcomes of affected infants.

Main Methods:

  • Case series observation during summer and fall 2007.
  • Strain typing of coxsackievirus B1 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Clinical data collection on affected neonates.

Main Results:

  • A cluster of 10 neonates with coxsackievirus B infections was identified.
  • Eight neonates had closely related CVB1 strains; 2 others had CVB infections, with one identified as CVB1.
  • All affected neonates presented with severe myocarditis, with one requiring heart transplantation and another succumbing to severe left ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • This cluster highlights the potential for severe CVB1-associated myocarditis in neonates.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in neonatal enteroviral infections.

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