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Published on: January 21, 2020
Association between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease and tooth loss
Gaganpreet Kaur1, Birte Holtfreter, Wolfgang Rathmann
1Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Dental school, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine whether both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with increased prevalence and extent of periodontal disease and tooth loss compared with non-diabetic subjects within a homogeneous adult study population.
Material And Methods:
T1DM, T2DM and non-diabetic subjects were recruited from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Additionally, T1DM subjects were retrieved from a Diabetes Centre. The total study population comprised 145 T1DM and 2647 non-diabetic subjects aged 20-59 years, and 182 T2DM and 1314 non-diabetic subjects aged 50-81 years. Periodontal disease was assessed by attachment loss (AL) and the number of missing teeth.
Results:
Multivariable regression revealed an association between T1DM (p<0.001) and T2DM (p<0.01) with mean AL after full adjustment. After age stratification (p=0.04 for interaction), the effect of T2DM was only statistically significant in the 60-69-year-old subjects (B=0.90 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]; 0.49, 1.31). T1DM was positively associated with tooth loss (adjusted, p<0.001). The association between T2DM and tooth loss was statistically significant only for females (odds ratios=1.60 [95% CI: 1.10, 2.33]).
Conclusions:
Our study confirmed an association between both T1DM and T2DM with periodontitis and tooth loss. Therefore, oral health education should be promoted in diabetic subjects.
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