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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Polymorphic segmental duplication in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Ismael A Vergara1, Allan K Mah, Jim C Huang

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. iav@sfu.ca

BMC Genomics
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The first complete genome sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans revealed recent large-scale segmental duplications. Analysis identified 3,484 duplicons, with a 108 kb duplication on Chromosome V present in only 29 of 76 strains.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Caenorhabditis elegans was the first multicellular organism with a fully sequenced genome.
  • The genome sequence, finalized in 2002, provides a unique resource for studying genome-wide segmental duplications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize genome-wide segmental duplications in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • To investigate the prevalence and potential recent origin of large segmental duplications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a newly developed tool, OrthoCluster, for analyzing the C. elegans genome.
  • Detected and quantified duplicated segments (duplicons) across the genome.
  • Performed genotyping on 76 wild-type C. elegans strains to assess duplication presence.

Main Results:

  • Identified 3,484 duplicons ranging from 234 bp to 108 Kb.
  • Characterized a large 108 kb duplication on Chromosome V, showing 99.7% DNA identity and containing 26 genes.
  • Found this large duplication present in only 29 out of 76 wild-type strains, indicating a recent event.

Conclusions:

  • This study demonstrates significant large-scale genomic differences within laboratory wild-type N2 strains of C. elegans.
  • The presence of recent segmental duplications highlights the dynamic nature of the C. elegans genome.