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Related Concept Videos

Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Law of Effect01:06

Law of Effect

B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle boxes...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?01:17

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null hypothesis and 'fail to...

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A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
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Lethal means reduction: what have we learned?

Renee M Johnson1, Tamera Coyne-Beasley

  • 1Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing access to lethal means like firearms and pesticides is a proven suicide prevention strategy. Evidence shows that limiting availability significantly lowers suicide rates, making it crucial for public health initiatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Suicidology

Background:

  • Suicide is a major global public health concern.
  • Suicide rates correlate with the availability of lethal means.
  • Firearms, pesticides, and hanging are primary methods of suicide globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on lethal means reduction as a suicide prevention strategy.
  • To assess the effectiveness of limiting access to lethal methods.
  • To inform public health policy on suicide prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ecological studies linking availability of lethal means to suicide rates.
  • Analysis of population-level data on method-specific suicide rates.
  • Examination of policy changes and their impact on suicide prevention.

Main Results:

  • Reductions in lethal means availability correlate with decreased suicide rates.
  • Specific initiatives like firearm control and pesticide regulation show success.
  • Evidence is strongest for reducing access to firearms and pesticides.

Conclusions:

  • Lethal means reduction is an effective suicide prevention strategy.
  • Implementation faces challenges, especially political hurdles with firearms and pesticides.
  • Means reduction should be a key component of comprehensive suicide prevention efforts.