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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Published on: August 14, 2018

Pedal motion in crystals.

Jun Harada1, Keiichiro Ogawa

  • 1Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan. harada@ramie.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular pedal motion in crystals, like bicycle pedals, causes structural disorder and influences solid-state reactions. X-ray diffraction is key to studying this dynamic process, especially its temperature-dependent disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Molecular dynamics

Background:

  • Pedal motion involves paired benzene rings rotating cyclically within molecules.
  • This motion leads to conformational changes, inducing disorder in crystal structures.
  • It plays a significant role in various solid-state chemical reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explain the phenomenon of pedal motion in molecular crystals.
  • To highlight the impact of pedal motion on crystal disorder and reactivity.
  • To review the utility of X-ray diffraction in studying dynamic processes like pedal motion.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on X-ray diffraction analysis as a primary tool.
  • Emphasize disorder analysis as a function of temperature.
  • Discuss the challenges in detecting pedal motion in crystalline solids.

Main Results:

  • Pedal motion is a widespread phenomenon in diverse compounds.
  • It directly causes conformational interconversions and crystal disorder.
  • X-ray diffraction is effective for observing temperature-dependent disorder linked to molecular motion.

Conclusions:

  • Pedal motion is a crucial molecular mechanism affecting crystal properties and reactivity.
  • Advanced X-ray diffraction techniques are essential for elucidating dynamic molecular behaviors in crystals.
  • Understanding pedal motion aids in designing materials with specific solid-state properties.