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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
13:47

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Published on: April 3, 2013

Malformations of cortical development.

Marilisa M Guerreiro1

  • 1Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil. marcelo_bigal@merck.com

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are increasingly recognized. This review covers cortical development, key MCD types, and their link to epilepsy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Malformations of cortical development (MCD) represent a growing area of clinical and research interest.
  • Understanding normal cortical development is essential for identifying deviations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding malformations of cortical development.
  • To elucidate the spectrum of important MCDs.
  • To explore the established correlation between MCD and epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of normal cortical development.
  • Categorization and description of major MCDs.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the relationship between MCD and epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • Cortical development is a complex, multi-stage process.
  • Several key types of MCD exist, each with distinct characteristics.
  • A significant association between MCD and epilepsy has been documented.

Conclusions:

  • Malformations of cortical development are increasingly identified and warrant thorough understanding.
  • Knowledge of MCD subtypes and their relationship with epilepsy is crucial for diagnosis and management.