On the mechanism of kidney stone disintegration by acoustic shock waves

In the present study we have, by theoretical and experimental investigations, especially concentrated on the importance of acoustic streaming, transient cavitation and microstreaming in the fluid close to the stone. Artificial stones, round stones 20 mm in diameter made of Plaster of Paris or rectangular flat stones, 25 x 25 x 15 mm, were suspended in a water bath at the focus of an EDAP LT01 lithotripter. "Unprotected" stones were disintegrated while stones surrounded by a layer of silicone showed no or very small disintegration. For successful destruction of the calculus, it seems to be essential that the stones are surrounded by a liquid, i.e., water.