Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
Ladder Diagrams: Acid–Base Equilibria01:32

Ladder Diagrams: Acid–Base Equilibria

Understanding the chemistry between the reagents is necessary for performing any experiment. To this end, scientists have designed a tool called a ladder diagram, which is a graphical representation that helps illustrate the chemistry of a system.
A ladder diagram for acid-base equilibria consists of a vertical axis that represents pH and horizontal bars (steps on the ladder) that help position all the pKa values in the system. At equilibrium, the pH value of the system corresponds to one of...
The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Programmable Construction of Supramolecular Polymers Achieved in Neutral Lipid Environments.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Supramolecular colorimetric pressure sensing: ratiometric quantification based on pressure-modulated association.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

A Persistent Ni(0)-Pentalene Complex with High Fluxionality: Does Stronger Antiaromaticity Promote Metal-Ligand Interactions?

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Diversification of the 10th core atom of 9-cyanopyronins expands the resonance Raman vibrational palette.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Tris((4-BMes<sub>2</sub>)phenyl)methanide: a carbanion with a delocalised triple quinoidal structure.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Temperature-Responsive Near-Infrared Emission Enabled by Reversible π-Umpolung with an Alkenyl-Strapped Diarylboryl Unit.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Ladder pi-conjugated materials containing main-group elements.

Aiko Fukazawa1, Shigehiro Yamaguchi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Ladder pi-conjugated compounds with incorporated main-group elements offer unique electronic properties for organic electronics. These materials show promise as efficient light-emitting and charge-transporting components.

More Related Videos

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Ladder pi-conjugated compounds feature fully ring-fused polycyclic skeletons.
  • These materials are crucial for advancements in organic electronics.
  • Incorporating main-group elements (B, Si, P, S, Se) into ladder skeletons modifies electronic structures and solid-state packing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent progress in ladder pi-conjugated chemistry.
  • To highlight the role of main-group elements in tuning material properties.
  • To focus on key pi-conjugated ladder skeletons and their applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on ladder pi-conjugated compounds.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships in these materials.
  • Focus on synthesis and characterization of novel ladder skeletons.

Main Results:

  • Novel ladder materials incorporating main-group elements exhibit unique electronic and photophysical properties.
  • These materials demonstrate high performance in organic electronic devices.
  • Specific examples of successful ladder skeletons and their applications are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Main-group element incorporation is a powerful strategy for designing advanced organic electronic materials.
  • Ladder pi-conjugated compounds are promising candidates for next-generation organic light-emitting diodes and transistors.
  • Continued research in this area is expected to yield further breakthroughs in organic electronics.