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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging
09:10

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging

Published on: January 30, 2026

Genomic-driven insights into changes in aging skin.

Michael K Robinson1, Robert L Binder, Christopher E M Griffiths

  • 1Global Biotechnology, The Procter & Gamble Company, Miami Valley Innovation Center, Cincinnati, OH 45253, USA. robinson.mk@pg.com

Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
|July 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skin aging, both from time and sun exposure, involves complex gene expression changes. Photoaging causes more severe alterations than chronologic aging, with some unique gene expression patterns.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging
09:10

Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging

Published on: January 30, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skin aging occurs through intrinsic (chronologic) and extrinsic (photoaging) factors.
  • Photoaging, caused by chronic sun exposure, leads to wrinkles and dyspigmentation.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying skin aging are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze gene expression differences in chronologic and photoaging.
  • To identify unique and shared molecular pathways in skin aging.
  • To explore potential interventions for skin aging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide microarray platforms to analyze gene expression in skin.
  • Compared gene expression profiles of young vs. older, sun-protected vs. sun-exposed skin.
  • Employed bioinformatics tools for integrated pathway analysis.

Main Results:

  • Photoaging induces more severe gene expression changes than chronologic aging.
  • Identified shared and distinct gene expression alterations between the two aging types.
  • Bioinformatics analysis revealed key themes and pathways involved in skin aging.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression analysis provides insights into skin aging mechanisms.
  • Photoaging significantly impacts skin at the molecular level.
  • Understanding these pathways may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for skin aging.