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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

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Transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti identified through hemovigilance.

Laura Tonnetti1, Anne F Eder, Beth Dy

  • 1Transmissible Diseases Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA. tonnettil@usa.redcross.org

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|July 24, 2009
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Babesia microti transmitted through blood transfusions caused severe illness and fatalities, particularly in vulnerable patients. Interventions are needed to mitigate this growing blood safety risk across the United States.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Blood Transfusion Safety

Background:

  • Babesia microti is a key cause of human babesiosis in the US, prevalent in the Northeast and Midwest.
  • Increasing evidence highlights Babesia microti as a significant threat to blood supply safety.
  • This study analyzes donor and recipient data for suspected transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti cases from 2005-2007.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize donor and recipient demographics in transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti cases.
  • To assess the impact of Babesia microti transmission via blood transfusion.
  • To inform strategies for reducing transfusion-related Babesia microti risk.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of suspected transfusion-transmitted Babesia infections reported to the American Red Cross Hemovigilance Program.
  • Involved donors and recipients were identified through hospital reports and serologic lookback studies.
  • Donor samples were confirmed using immunofluorescence assay, Western blot, and real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen cases of Babesia microti infection were identified in transfusion recipients, resulting in five deaths.
  • High-risk recipients included the elderly (13 cases, 61-84 years), young children (2 cases, ≤2 years), and asplenic individuals (4 cases).
  • Of 17 implicated donors, 65% resided in endemic areas, and 24% had traveled to endemic regions.

Conclusions:

  • Transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti poses a substantial risk for morbidity and mortality.
  • Infants, the elderly, and asplenic patients are particularly vulnerable to severe outcomes.
  • Urgent interventions are necessary nationwide to protect blood recipients from Babesia microti transmission.