Use of a rigid endoscope to teach urethral catheterization of the female dog
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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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Published on: September 7, 2022
Gregory O Voronin1, William P Porter, L Alexandra Wickham
1Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. gregory_voronin@merck.com
Abstract:
Urethral catheterization of the female dog is known to be a challenging procedure. The authors describe a catheterization technique in which they use a rigid endoscope to visualize the canine urogenital vestibule during the procedure. The technique is particularly helpful as a training tool for students who are not yet experienced with the canine anatomy. The endoscope is attached to a video camera and monitor, allowing others to observe and learn the procedure.
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