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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays
11:17

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Published on: January 7, 2016

Gene regulation by growth hormone.

Peter Rotwein1, Dennis J Chia

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. rotweinp@ohsu.edu

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|July 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulate growth and repair, but also cancer risk and lifespan. This review details GH gene regulation, including signal transduction and transcription factor control.

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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Published on: June 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays
11:17

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

Published on: January 7, 2016

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The somatomedin hypothesis highlights the roles of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in growth, tissue maintenance, and repair.
  • Emerging evidence links the GH/IGF-I pathway to cancer development and reduced lifespan in animal models.
  • Long-term hormonal effects necessitate changes in gene expression, making gene regulation a critical area of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundamental aspects of gene regulation by growth hormone (GH).
  • To discuss GH-stimulated signal transduction pathways and mechanisms of gene activation and repression.
  • To analyze the control of IGF-I gene transcription by signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5b.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GH action and gene regulation.
  • Analysis of signal transduction pathways activated by GH.
  • Examination of transcription factors involved in GH-mediated gene expression, particularly Stat5b.

Main Results:

  • GH exerts long-term effects through modulation of gene expression.
  • Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5b is a key GH-stimulated transcription factor.
  • Stat5b plays a crucial role in regulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene transcription.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding GH gene regulation is vital for comprehending its dual role in growth and disease.
  • The GH/IGF-I axis represents a complex pathway with implications for human health and longevity.
  • Targeting GH-mediated gene regulation may offer therapeutic avenues for cancer and aging-related conditions.