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Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

[Bone remodeling: new therapeutic approaches].

¹Service des maladies osseuses, Département de réhabilitation et gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et HUG, Genève. Serge.Ferrari@unige.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse

|July 25, 2009

Summary

Osteoporosis involves high bone remodeling, leading to bone loss. New therapies target bone resorption or formation, offering improved osteoporosis treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Context:

Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and microarchitectural deterioration due to high bone remodeling.
Current treatments like bisphosphonates and SERMs reduce bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
Hormonal therapies such as parathyroid hormone/teriparatide enhance bone remodeling, favoring new bone formation.

Purpose:

To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis based on understanding bone remodeling.
To highlight novel agents targeting specific molecular pathways involved in bone metabolism.

Summary:

Bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) decrease bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
Parathyroid hormone/teriparatide increase bone remodeling, promoting new bone formation.

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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

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Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

Emerging therapies include Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting RANK Ligand, and cathepsin K inhibitors like odanacatib.

Sclerostin antagonists represent a novel approach to stimulate bone formation independently of bone resorption.

Impact:

Advances in understanding bone remodeling have led to targeted therapies for osteoporosis.
Denosumab and cathepsin K inhibitors offer new ways to manage bone resorption.
Sclerostin antagonists show promise for stimulating bone formation, potentially providing new therapeutic avenues for osteoporosis.