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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
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Pathways in external apical root resorption associated with orthodontia.

J K Hartsfield1

  • 1Department of Oral Health Science, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA. james.hartsfield@uky.edu

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|July 25, 2009
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Summary

Genetic factors significantly influence external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment, accounting for substantial variation. Key pathways involve inflammation and osteoclast regulation, highlighting individual susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Orthodontics
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common consequence of orthodontic treatment.
  • The role of genetic predisposition in EARR development is not fully understood.
  • Understanding genetic factors can help predict and manage EARR during tooth movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing studies on the genetic basis of external apical root resorption (EARR).
  • To identify specific genes and pathways implicated in EARR during orthodontic treatment.
  • To quantify the heritability of EARR.

Main Methods:

  • Heritability estimation using human sib-pair studies.
  • Comparative analysis of inbred mouse strains with varying susceptibility to root resorption.
  • Genetic linkage and association studies in human and mouse models.
  • Investigation of knockout mouse models for specific genes (Il-1b, P2rx7).

Main Results:

  • Heritability of EARR for maxillary central incisors is estimated at 0.8.
  • Significant genetic linkage found with microsatellite D18S64 (near RANK).
  • Linkage disequilibrium observed with IL-1B and OPG genes.
  • Increased root resorption associated with orthodontic force in Il1b and P2rx7 knockout mice.
  • Genetic factors account for 50-67% of EARR variation.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a significant role in external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment.
  • Two primary genetic pathways are implicated: ATP/P2XR7/IL-1B and RANK/RANKL/OPG.
  • Individual susceptibility, influenced by genetics, interacts with orthodontic forces to determine EARR development.