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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (WATER-PAM) Fluorometry

A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (WATER-PAM) Fluorometry

Published on: March 11, 2015

Water fluoridation in Canada: past and present.

Danielle Rabb-Waytowich¹

¹Canadian Dental Association, 1815 Alta Vista Dr., Ottawa, ON K1G3Y6. library@cda-adc.ca

Journal (Canadian Dental Association)

|July 25, 2009

Summary

Water fluoridation in Canada is debated, with supporters citing caries prevention and detractors noting costs and risks. The article reviews its history and current status, concluding fluoridation benefits all socioeconomic groups.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Dental Health

Background:

Water fluoridation is a debated public health measure in Canada.
Arguments for and against fluoridation have remained consistent over time.
As of 2007, 45.1% of Canadians had access to fluoridated water.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a historical overview of water fluoridation in Canada.
To present a current snapshot of water fluoridation practices in Canada.
To evaluate the overall benefit of community water fluoridation.

Main Methods:

Historical review of water fluoridation policies and debates in Canada.
Analysis of current water fluoridation status and population coverage.
Synthesis of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of water fluoridation.

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A Small Volume Bioassay to Assess Bacterial/Phytoplankton Co-culture Using WATER-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (WATER-PAM) Fluorometry

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Main Results:

Water fluoridation continues to be a contentious issue in Canada.
Key arguments for fluoridation include caries prevention, while arguments against cite costs and health concerns.
Community water fluoridation offers equitable benefits across socioeconomic statuses.

Conclusions:

Water fluoridation is supported by major health organizations as safe and effective for preventing tooth decay.
Despite ongoing debate, water fluoridation provides a universal public health benefit.
The primary advantage of water fluoridation lies in its ability to improve oral health for everyone in a community, irrespective of their socioeconomic background.