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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantitation of γH2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Quantitation of γH2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Published on: June 28, 2010

H2AX phosphorylation as a genotoxicity endpoint.

Gary Peter Watters¹, Daniel James Smart, James Stephen Harvey

¹Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.

Mutation Research

|July 25, 2009

Summary

The gammaH2AX focus assay effectively identifies genotoxic agents by detecting DNA damage. This method, measuring H2AX phosphorylation, shows promise as a reliable biomarker for predicting outcomes in mammalian cell genotoxicity tests.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantitation of γH2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Quantitation of γH2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Published on: June 28, 2010

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Published on: April 6, 2010

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of γH2AX following Ionizing Radiation

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of γH2AX following Ionizing Radiation

Published on: August 7, 2010

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Toxicology

Background:

The gammaH2AX focus assay detects DNA double-strand breaks via H2AX phosphorylation.
Established genotoxicity tests include the micronucleus and comet assays.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the gammaH2AX focus assay as a genotoxicity test.
To compare its performance against standard in vitro assays.

Main Methods:

Immortalised wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated with reference genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds.
H2AX phosphorylation was measured using focus assay and flow cytometry.
Results were compared with micronucleus and comet assays.

Main Results:

Genotoxic agents (etoposide, methyl methanesulfonate, bleomycin) induced a positive concentration-response relationship.
Non-genotoxic compounds (ampicillin, sodium chloride) did not.
gammaH2AX assay showed comparable specificity to the comet assay and predicted micronucleus formation.
Flow cytometry analysis of gammaH2AX correlated with manual scoring and other assays.

Conclusions:

H2AX phosphorylation serves as a reliable biomarker for genotoxicity.
The gammaH2AX assay can predict the outcomes of standard in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity tests.