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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Better environmental regulation--contributions from risk-based decision-making.

A Gouldson¹, A Morton, S J T Pollard

¹University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK.

The Science of the Total Environment

|July 25, 2009

Summary

Regulators are adopting risk-based approaches to environmental regulation for better efficiency and outcomes. Key challenges include improving risk assessment, monitoring, and understanding the private sector's role.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Environmental regulation
Public policy analysis
Risk management

Background:

Governments and regulators face increasing pressure for more efficient and effective regulatory frameworks.
The Environment Agency for England and Wales has adopted risk-based approaches in response to these pressures.
Understanding the context and evolving influence of risk-based environmental regulation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the implementation of risk-based approaches by a major regulator.
To analyze the impacts of these approaches against government principles for better regulation.
To identify key challenges in developing and implementing effective risk-based regulation.

Main Methods:

Exploration of the context for risk-based environmental regulation.
Analysis of the evolving influence of these regulatory approaches.
Evaluation of impacts against UK Government principles for better regulation and policy criteria.

Main Results:

The Environment Agency has implemented risk-based regulation in response to demands for improved performance.
The study evaluates the effectiveness of these approaches against established regulatory principles.
Several challenges are identified, including consistency, reliable risk assessment, capacity building, and private sector engagement.

Conclusions:

Risk-based approaches are a key response to regulatory pressures, offering potential for "more for less."
Effective implementation requires addressing challenges in risk assessment, monitoring, capacity, and understanding diverse regulatory styles.
Further research is needed on best practices and the role of the private sector in risk-based environmental regulation.